Sighten‘s production model incorporates key aspects of the industry’s most sophisticated models while maintaining simplicity of user inputs.
Highlights
Simple Inputs: Simple and non-assumptive user inputs required - module and inverter quantities/models, pitch, azimuth, and shading
Hourly production profile: Hourly production calculations with granular weather data
Equipment-specific calculations: Module and inverter-level electrical behavior modeled based on the equipment used
Overview
User inputs | Irradiation | Module output | Array output |
- Location
- Equipment
- Pitch, azimuth, solar access
| - Weather data
- Sun position
- Solar access
| - Absorption Cell temps
- Module current- voltage curves
| - Aggregate modules
- Inverter clipping & efficiency
|
Sighten vs PVWatts
| Component | Sighten | PVWatts |
|---|
Weather data | NREL TMY Stations | NREL TMY Stations |
Shading | SAM2 shading model | User input |
Module production | DeSoto 5-parameter | User derate input |
Inverter clipping | Sandia MPPT Tracking | None |
Inverter efficiency | SAM CEC Efficiency | User input |
Sighten Production Calculation
Production output: Production is simulated for each array on an hourly basis (8760 hour profile)
Data inputs: Primary sources of input:
- TMY weather data (8760 hours) based on system location
- PV module electrical specifications per manufacturer spec sheet
- Includes parameters we calculate to construct IV curve (DeSoto)
- Inverter electrical specifications per manufacturer spec sheets
- Array details (e.g. the user inputs or defaults for tilt, azimuth, string size, shading, etc)
Calculation description: For each hour of a TMY dataset:
- Determine the solar radiation incident on the tilted surface
- "Unshaded" radiation includes beam radiation component
- "Shaded" radiation assumes no beam radiation
- Determine solar cell temperature based on PV model specifications in both shaded and unshaded conditions
- Construct I-V curve of solar cell based on IV curve parameters calculated as functions of solar cell temperature for both shaded and unshaded conditions (Desoto)
- Calculate AC power generation (see next)
Power Generation: Determine the DC then the AC power generated from the array. Power generation calculations are based on the type of inverters - string inverters, micro inverters, or string inverters with optimizers
- Note on Shading: the percentage shading implies the percentage of PV modules IN EACH STRING that receive "unshaded" radiation versus "shaded" radiation
- String Inverters: If the array uses a string inverter:
- The string voltage is calculated as a composite of the unshaded and shaded PV modules
- Find array max power (DC) by calculating string voltage as a function of a universally-applied string current
- Find module voltage on the I-V curve for unshaded module
- Find module voltage on the I-V curve for shaded module
- String voltage is the sum of voltages generated by unshaded and shaded modules in their respective proportion
- Iterate until maximum of product of string voltage and array current is found
- DC to AC Conversion: Convert array power (DC) into array power (AC) based on inverter efficiency specifications (per spec sheet) and derate assumptions applied to all string inverters:
- wiring_dc = 0.980
- mismatch = 0.980
- diodes = 0.995
- soiling = 0.950
- wiring_ac = 0.990
- Micro inverters: If the array uses microinverters
- Find array max power (DC) by calculating unshaded and shaded module voltages as functions of a individually-managed current
- Find module max power (DC) on the I-V curve for unshaded module
- Find module max power (DC) on the I-V curve for shaded module
- Convert module power (DC) into module power (AC) for unshaded and shaded modules based on inverter efficiency specifications (per spec sheet) and derate assumptions applied to all microinverters:
- wiring_dc = 0.995
- mismatch = 1.000
- diodes = 0.995
- soiling = 0.950
- wiring_ac = 0.990
- Array power (AC) is the sum of power (AC) generated by unshaded and shaded modules in their respective proportion of the array
- Optimizers: If the array uses string inverters with optimizers
- The calculation for optimizers is the same methodology as for microinverters (above), but uses the following derate factors:
- wiring dc = 0.980
- mismatch = 1.000
- diodes = 0.995
- soiling = 0.950
- wiring ac = 0.990
For more information on the models and methodologies used for Sighten's calculations, please check out the PDF links below.
Reference Papers
Simulating SolarEdge in PVWatts
How Misuse of Solar Resource Datasets is Reducing Solar Industry Profits
NREL Study - Power Level Electronics
SolarEdge Methodology (Optimizers)